batik

Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia (particularly Java) since long. Javanese women in the past made them in the skills to make a livelihood, so that in the past to make the work is to work exclusively women finding "Batik Cap" which allows the inclusion of men in this field. There are some exceptions to this phenomenon, namely the coastal batik has the masculine, as can be seen in the pattern "Mega Mendung", which in some coastal areas is to make work for the common man.

Variety Batik pattern and color is influenced by various foreign influences. Initially, batik has multiformity pattern and color are limited, and some patterns may only be used by certain circles. However coastal batik absorb various external influences, such as foreign traders and in the end, the colonists. Bright colors such as red dipopulerkan by the Chinese, who also popularize phoenix patterns. Colonialist European nations also take interest in the batik, and the result is a pattern bebungaan previously unknown (such as tulip flowers) and also objects brought by colonists (the building or horse-drawn carriage), including the colors of their favorite colors such as blue. Maintain the traditional batik coraknya, and is still used in traditional ceremonies, usually because each color has a symbolism of each.

Technique has been to make known since thousands of years back. There is no historical information that is quite clear about the origins of batik. Some suspect this technique comes from the Sumerian nation, and developed in Java after brought by Indian traders. At this time batik can be found in many countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, and Iran. Besides in Asia, batik is also very popular in some countries in the African continent. However, batik, which is very famous in the world is a batik from Indonesia, mainly from Java.

The tradition is beginning to make on that tradition from generation to generation, so that sometimes a motif can be identified came from a family batik. Some batik motif can indicate the status of someone. Even now, some batik motif tadisional only used by the family palace in Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

Batik is the ancestor of the inheritance of Indonesia (Java) is still there. Batik is also the first time introduced to the world by President Soeharto, who at that time the United Nations Conference on batik.

Batik is truely Indonesia

Pekalongan is one of the city of batik in Indonesia. a pride for the city of Pekalongan, which holds the status as a city of batik. Because Batik is an asset of Indonesia which the valuable art and culture that is very high. many countries that recognize the claim or batik as a cultural asset their country. but Indonesia is not afraid of threats such. because batik is actually from Indonesia. In Pekalongan there are shopping center, there are also special batik cloth with a price that is affordable enough. Shopping center is Pasar Grosir Setono. The bulk are in a beautiful rose this point, other than access easily, is also the largest wholesale batik in Pekalongan.

Pigment dyeing direct

Direct pigment is also called the pigment can be substantive absorbed as well by cellulose. Also called salt because the pigment in the dyeing process always added salt to enhance absorption. Some of the pigment can also be used to dye protein fiber.
The chemical structure of the pigment is a compound containing azo group sulfonat cluster as solvent. Pigment can be a direct monoazo compound, diazo, triazo or tetraazo. Hidroksil cluster in the cellulose molecule an important role in the dyeing with pigment direct. When the atoms Hydrogen from the cluster hidroksil replaced arsetil group, the fiber can not be dyed with pigment direct. This is because cluster hidroksil in the cellulose molecule can cause Hydrogen ties with the cluster-cluster hidroksil, amina, and the azo pigment molecule.
In general the pigment is a direct diazo compound, which contains several cluster sulfonat, by the contention that Meyer substabtifitas pigment direct many of the molecule-shaped molecule that can be located aft, so straight on the fiber. Dekloisme event is one proof that the direct pigment is located on the surface molecule-molecule fiber oriented parallel with the temperature fiber. But the original form of a compound trans substabtif more than bah compound. Hodgsoon Marsden and then add other than the molecule must be the core of Linear-core its aromatic must also located a field.

Bleaching BY USING chlorine

Bleaching called chlorine powder and a substance oksidator strong. Bleaching is usually used for cotton and rarely used for Bleaching rayon oksidasinya power because of damage to enable the fiber will occur oksiselulosa.
During the Bleaching reactions that occur are as follows:
1. Pelarutan chlorine in the water
CaOCl2 → Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2
2. Calcium hypochlorite terhidrolisa
Ca(OCl)2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2HOCl
3. At the same time, the gas also occurred chlor
CaCl + Ca(OCl)2 + H2O ↔ Ca(OH)2 + CL2
4. Acid happens to work hypochlorite bleach fiber
On + HOCl → HCl
5. CO2 from the air to accelerate decomposition
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

Bleaching process in order to walk slowly to be done in an atmosphere of alkali with the addition of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3). In PH alkali HOCL there are a few Bleaching so that the process is running slowly. The possibility of damage due to fiber oxidation can be prevented.

Bleaching is usually done on PH alkali. During the process of PH will drop because there is the influence of CO2 from the air, therefore, to maintain the PH plus buffer buffer solution.

Ca salt contains chlorine that may settle in the material and will menyebabakan rough grip, for example, CaCO3, which formed because of the influence of CO2 from the air / Ca (OH) 2. To avoid this done pengelantangan information (scouring) with HCl. The remnants of chlorine that still exist in the material will become so HOCl give effect pengelantangan information.

Reaction
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3
CaOCl2 + HCl → CaCl2 + HOCl
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 +H2O

During the process of removing the chlorine Bleaching chlorine gas are absorbed into some of the material. Chlorine gas is very dangerous if konsentrasinya large. After drying, although the amount of chlorine gas, but little konsentrasinya become larger, so will damage the fibers, which resulted in decreased strength. Therefore, after Bleaching with the need to further process with the anti-chlor Sodium sulfit, Bisulfir, or hidrosulfit to tie chlor that may exist in the material

Reaction
NaHSO3 + CL2 + H2O → NaHSO4 + 2HCl
NaS2O4 + 3Cl + 4H2O → 2NaHSO4 + 6HCl

Dyestuff

The materials needed in the dyeing process are:
1. Pigment dye
2. Oat-adjuvant substances
3. Media pelarutan / water

Color dye substances
1. There are two types of pigment by way perolehannya, namely:
a. natural pigment
Natural pigment can be obtained from:
- Turmeric
- Wood jackfruit trees
- Tea
- Fruits avocado
- Leaves putrimalu
- Leaves Desamuda Village Seminyak
- And so forth
b. Synthetic pigment
- Him color directory
- Color Him naftol
- Color Him vessel
- The color of sulfur Him

In practice, the natural pigment is rarely used, this is caused by several factors, namely:
- It is difficult to obtain
- The pigment is not fixed
- Generate a gloomy color
- Time of long and difficult process
- Multiple color limited
- Resilience faded less well

2. Pigment according to the nature
a. Pigment substantive
Pigment is substantive pigment that can be directly coloring oat fiber without the need for adjuvant coloring the fiber.
- Him color directory
- Him reactive color
- Color Him acid
- Base color Him
- Color Him dispersi
b. Pigment ajektif
Ajektif pigment is the pigment that require adjuvant substances for coloring fiber.
- Color Him naftol
- Color Him vessel
- Color Him vessel soluble
- The color of sulfur Him

3. Based on the pigment colors
a. Monogenetik
Naftol is the pigment that with the addition of salt naftol a different direction will give the same color.
- Naftol AS.D -> direction yellow
- Naftol AS.G -> direction chocolate
b. Polygenetik
Naftol is the pigment that with the addition of salt naftol a different direction will provide a different color.
- U.S. Naftol
- Naftol AS.BO
- Naftol AS.GL
- Naftol AS.GR
- Naftol AS.BS

4. Pigment-based chemical
- Nitroso
- Nitroazo
- Poliazo
- Indigoida
- Antrakwinon
- Ptalosianin

5. Pigment on how to use
- Pigment directory
- Base pigment
- Pigment acid
- Pigment mordan
- Pigment sulfur
- Pigment vessel
- Pigment naftol
- Pigment dispersi
- Reactive pigment

The higher molecular weight pigment, the more difficult pigment into the fiber so that the results become uneven.

Dyeing

Dyeing is a process that is done to give color to the textile material evenly.

Dyeing generally consists of pigment dissolves in water or other media. textile materials and enter into the solution, so there will be the absorption of pigment in the fiber.

Things that affect the dyeing process are:
1. temperature
2. time
3. mechanics
4. oat-adjuvant substances

Textile

A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw wool fibres, linen, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands known as yarn.^[1] Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres together (felt).

The words fabric and cloth are used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for textile. However, there are subtle differences in these terms. Textile refers to any material made of interlacing fibres. Fabric refers to any material made through weaving, knitting, crocheting, or bonding. Cloth refers to a finished piece of fabric that can be used for a purpose such as covering a bed.