Pigment dyeing direct

Direct pigment is also called the pigment can be substantive absorbed as well by cellulose. Also called salt because the pigment in the dyeing process always added salt to enhance absorption. Some of the pigment can also be used to dye protein fiber.
The chemical structure of the pigment is a compound containing azo group sulfonat cluster as solvent. Pigment can be a direct monoazo compound, diazo, triazo or tetraazo. Hidroksil cluster in the cellulose molecule an important role in the dyeing with pigment direct. When the atoms Hydrogen from the cluster hidroksil replaced arsetil group, the fiber can not be dyed with pigment direct. This is because cluster hidroksil in the cellulose molecule can cause Hydrogen ties with the cluster-cluster hidroksil, amina, and the azo pigment molecule.
In general the pigment is a direct diazo compound, which contains several cluster sulfonat, by the contention that Meyer substabtifitas pigment direct many of the molecule-shaped molecule that can be located aft, so straight on the fiber. Dekloisme event is one proof that the direct pigment is located on the surface molecule-molecule fiber oriented parallel with the temperature fiber. But the original form of a compound trans substabtif more than bah compound. Hodgsoon Marsden and then add other than the molecule must be the core of Linear-core its aromatic must also located a field.

Bleaching BY USING chlorine

Bleaching called chlorine powder and a substance oksidator strong. Bleaching is usually used for cotton and rarely used for Bleaching rayon oksidasinya power because of damage to enable the fiber will occur oksiselulosa.
During the Bleaching reactions that occur are as follows:
1. Pelarutan chlorine in the water
CaOCl2 → Ca(OCl)2 + CaCl2
2. Calcium hypochlorite terhidrolisa
Ca(OCl)2 + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2HOCl
3. At the same time, the gas also occurred chlor
CaCl + Ca(OCl)2 + H2O ↔ Ca(OH)2 + CL2
4. Acid happens to work hypochlorite bleach fiber
On + HOCl → HCl
5. CO2 from the air to accelerate decomposition
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

Bleaching process in order to walk slowly to be done in an atmosphere of alkali with the addition of Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3). In PH alkali HOCL there are a few Bleaching so that the process is running slowly. The possibility of damage due to fiber oxidation can be prevented.

Bleaching is usually done on PH alkali. During the process of PH will drop because there is the influence of CO2 from the air, therefore, to maintain the PH plus buffer buffer solution.

Ca salt contains chlorine that may settle in the material and will menyebabakan rough grip, for example, CaCO3, which formed because of the influence of CO2 from the air / Ca (OH) 2. To avoid this done pengelantangan information (scouring) with HCl. The remnants of chlorine that still exist in the material will become so HOCl give effect pengelantangan information.

Reaction
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2CO3
CaOCl2 + HCl → CaCl2 + HOCl
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 +H2O

During the process of removing the chlorine Bleaching chlorine gas are absorbed into some of the material. Chlorine gas is very dangerous if konsentrasinya large. After drying, although the amount of chlorine gas, but little konsentrasinya become larger, so will damage the fibers, which resulted in decreased strength. Therefore, after Bleaching with the need to further process with the anti-chlor Sodium sulfit, Bisulfir, or hidrosulfit to tie chlor that may exist in the material

Reaction
NaHSO3 + CL2 + H2O → NaHSO4 + 2HCl
NaS2O4 + 3Cl + 4H2O → 2NaHSO4 + 6HCl

Dyestuff

The materials needed in the dyeing process are:
1. Pigment dye
2. Oat-adjuvant substances
3. Media pelarutan / water

Color dye substances
1. There are two types of pigment by way perolehannya, namely:
a. natural pigment
Natural pigment can be obtained from:
- Turmeric
- Wood jackfruit trees
- Tea
- Fruits avocado
- Leaves putrimalu
- Leaves Desamuda Village Seminyak
- And so forth
b. Synthetic pigment
- Him color directory
- Color Him naftol
- Color Him vessel
- The color of sulfur Him

In practice, the natural pigment is rarely used, this is caused by several factors, namely:
- It is difficult to obtain
- The pigment is not fixed
- Generate a gloomy color
- Time of long and difficult process
- Multiple color limited
- Resilience faded less well

2. Pigment according to the nature
a. Pigment substantive
Pigment is substantive pigment that can be directly coloring oat fiber without the need for adjuvant coloring the fiber.
- Him color directory
- Him reactive color
- Color Him acid
- Base color Him
- Color Him dispersi
b. Pigment ajektif
Ajektif pigment is the pigment that require adjuvant substances for coloring fiber.
- Color Him naftol
- Color Him vessel
- Color Him vessel soluble
- The color of sulfur Him

3. Based on the pigment colors
a. Monogenetik
Naftol is the pigment that with the addition of salt naftol a different direction will give the same color.
- Naftol AS.D -> direction yellow
- Naftol AS.G -> direction chocolate
b. Polygenetik
Naftol is the pigment that with the addition of salt naftol a different direction will provide a different color.
- U.S. Naftol
- Naftol AS.BO
- Naftol AS.GL
- Naftol AS.GR
- Naftol AS.BS

4. Pigment-based chemical
- Nitroso
- Nitroazo
- Poliazo
- Indigoida
- Antrakwinon
- Ptalosianin

5. Pigment on how to use
- Pigment directory
- Base pigment
- Pigment acid
- Pigment mordan
- Pigment sulfur
- Pigment vessel
- Pigment naftol
- Pigment dispersi
- Reactive pigment

The higher molecular weight pigment, the more difficult pigment into the fiber so that the results become uneven.

Dyeing

Dyeing is a process that is done to give color to the textile material evenly.

Dyeing generally consists of pigment dissolves in water or other media. textile materials and enter into the solution, so there will be the absorption of pigment in the fiber.

Things that affect the dyeing process are:
1. temperature
2. time
3. mechanics
4. oat-adjuvant substances